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An eight input NAND-GATE is a common and quite useful digital logic block. There actually can be many numbers of inputs. Not only are they identical but, for only two inputs A and B there are four possible output situations which are called "states". Of interest to the next section on binary numbers is the pattern of all the inputs for each logic block. Stick with which system you feel most comfortable. Other people prefer designating "H" and "L" for high and low instead of the "1's" and the "0's". A "1" is a HIGH voltage (usually the voltage supply) and the "0" is no voltage or ground potential. Firstly the "1's" and the "0's" or otherwise known as the "ones" and "zeros".
#DIGITAL WORKS TUTORIAL PLUS#
Now here we have depicted four major logic blocks AND-GATE, NAND-GATE, OR-GATE and NOR-GATE plus the inverter. Here in figure 3 we examine the digital basics in schematic form.įigure 3. If we added "inverters" to either of those blocks, called "gates", then we achieve a "NAND-GATE" and a "NOR-GATE" respectively. These are considered the basic building blocks in digital logic. In the second set of switches A, B, and C they are arranged in "parallel" so that for any input to reach the output any one of the switches may be closed. In the first set of switches A, B, and C they are arranged in "series" so that for the input to reach the output all the switches must be closed. In figure 2 we look at some of the most basic logic blocks.įigure 2. This in digital basics is your basic transistor switch.ĭepending upon how these "switches" and "inverters" are arranged in integrated circuits we are able to obtain "logic blocks" to perform various tasks. Here if you think it through the final output 2 from Q3 will always follow the input given to Q2. Now looking at Q2 and Q3 to the right of the schematic we simply have two inverters chained one after the other. The output is always the opposite to the input and in digital basics terms this is called an "inverter" a very important property. The basic principle in digital basics is that we have just created an "electronic switch" where the positive voltage on the base produces zero voltage at the output and zero voltage on the input produces the + 5V on the output. transistors as digital switches in digital basics In any event the bulb or led would light or the relay would close.įigure 1. This load could also be replaced by a small light bulb, relay or LED in conjunction with a resistor of suitable value. If we apply + 5V to the base of Q1 then because it is greater than 0.7 V than the grounded emitter, see the topic "transistors" for much greater detail on that operation, Q1 will switch on just like a light switch causing the + 5V from our supply to drop entirely across the 10K load resistor. In the first circuit if there is no voltage applied to the base of Q1 then it is not switched "on" and accordingly the + 5V passing through the 10K load resistor from our + 5V supply appears at both the collector of the transistor and also at output 1. Here are two crude transistor switch circuits.
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Consider a light switch, a transistor can be considered almost the same and in some circuits transistors are used to control large amounts of power with very little input power being used. Check out the Amazon Electronic Component Packs page.ĭigital circuits work on the basis of a transistor being used as a switch. NEW! ‣ - Amazon Electronic Component Packs.